We have entered a new regime of emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. This regular re-occurrence calls for new responses, which match the challenges faced during the urgency of epidemic crises.
In today’s ever increasingly globalised world, factors such as environmental disturbances (deforestation, changing of waterways, ...), uncontrolled urbanisation, changes in crop and livestock conditions, increasing international flights, the displacement of populations and climate change favour the emergence and spread of emerging or re-emerging infectious pathogens (MERS-CoV, SARS, Chikungunya, Zika, Ebola, H1N1, H5N1, plague ...). These germs can be at the origin of epidemics causing health crises at the national and international level.
As a result, regional, governmental and international organisations, as well as health agencies, non-governmental organisations and the pharmaceutical industry are today challenged by the repetition of these crises, which have consequences on public health, the society, the economy and sometimes the political equilibrium of a region.